In 1979, in response to reports of nuclear dumping in the region, the spf strongly. On 6 august 1985 the south pacific forum, a body comprising the independent and selfgoverning countries of the south pacific australia, the cook islands, fiji, kiribati, nauru, new zealand, niue, papua new guinea, the solomon islands, tonga, tuvalu, vanuatu and western samoa, endorsed the text of the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty and opened it for signature. Similar to the nuclear nonproliferation treaty, five treaties on regional nuclear weapons free zones require parties to conclude a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the iaea. Search for library items search for lists search for contacts search for a library. From 19461958, the united states conducted some 66 atmospheric and underwater tests in the marshall islands in the northern pacific region, which lies outside the south pacific nuclear free zone spnfz. Background the idea of a nuclear weapon free zone in southeast asia was first mooted in the early. The treaty of rarotonga is the common name for the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty, which formalises a nuclearweaponfree zone in the south pacific. A regional approach to nonproliferation in the south pacific. Australian society for the study of labour history, 2015, 5162. The south pacific nuclear free zone treaty and protocols old. The united states, along with the united kingdom and france, signed the three protocols to the treaty on march 25, 1996, at a ceremony in suva, fiji.
On august 6, 1985, eight leaders of the south pacific forum spf formally signed the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty spnfz. Pacific nuclear free zone becomes a party to this treaty, annex 1 shall be deemed to be amended so far as is required to enclose at least the territory of that party with in the boundaries of the south pacific nuclear free zone. If a member of the south pacific forum whose territory is outside the south pacific nuclear free zone becomes a party to this treaty, annex 1 shall be deemed to be amended so far as is required to enclose at least the territory of that party within the boundaries of the south pacific nucl ear free zone. The nuclear problem in the south pacific not long after the dawn of the nuclear age, the south pacific has been turned 254. It was signed by the south pacific nations of australia, the cook islands, fiji, kiribati, nauru, new zealand, niue, papua new guinea, the solomon. The treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons in latin america and the caribbean treaty of rarotonga, 1985.
The treaty of rarotonga is the common name for the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty, which formalises a nuclearweaponfree zone in the south. Each treaty establishing a nuclear weapon free zone includes a protocol for the five nuclear weapon states recognized under the nptchina, france, russia, the united kingdom, and the united statesto sign and ratify. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty 1985 august 6. New zealand nuclear free zone, disarmament, and arms control. The south pacific nuclear free zone treaty the treaty was opened for signature at rarotonga on august 6, 1985, and entered into force december 11, 1986. Copredal was the preparatory commission for the denuclearization of latin america created after the cuban missile crisis. These treaties cover latin america and the caribbean, the south pacific, southeast asia, africa and central asia. The round table nuclearfreezone in the south pacific. On 6 august 1985 the south pacific forum, a body comprising the independent and selfgoverning countries of the south pacific australia, the cook islands, fiji, kiribati, nauru, new zealand, niue, papua new guinea, the solomon islands, tonga, tuvalu, vanuatu and western samoa, endorsed the text of the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty and. Whereas antarctica had earlier been declared a nuclear weapon free zone under the 1961 antarctic treaty, this was the first time such a ban was put in place over such a vast, populated area. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. The southeast asia nuclear weaponfree zone treaty amitav acharya.
South pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty treaty of. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty pdf download. Treaty is the first effort at creating a nuclear weapon free zone which asks the nuclear powers to refrain from using and threatening to use nuclear arms not only against parties to the treaty, but also anywhere within the zone. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty 1985 nuclear arms. Protocol 3 to the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty protocol to the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. An assessment of the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty act 1986 3 subject to subsection 2, includes that treaty as amended from time to time. There are currently four populated nwfzs, created by the treaty for prohibition of nuclear weapons in latin america and the caribbean treaty of tlatelolco, the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty treaty of rarotonga, the african nuclear weapon free zone treaty. Treaty of rarotonga south pacific nuclear free zone treaty treaty of rarotonga opened for signature. The south pacific forum spf took up the issue in 1975 in response to a proposal by new zealand calling for the setting up of a nuclear weapon free zone nwfz in the region. Treaty document 1122 protocols 1, 2, and 3 to the south. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty act 1986 7 12 testing of nuclear explosive devices prohibited a person who undertakes or carries out a test of a nuclear explosive device is guilty of an offence against this section.
Spf formally signed the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. South pacific nuclear weapons free zone treaty treaty of. If a member of the south pacific forum whose territory is outside the south pacific nuclear free zone becomes a party to this treaty, annex 1 shall be deemed to be amended so far as is required to enclose at least the territory of that party with in the boundaries of the south pacific nuclear free zone. A nuclear weapon free zone nwfz is defined by the united nations as an agreement which a group of states has freely established by treaty or convention that bans the use, development, or deployment of nuclear weapons in a given area, that has mechanisms of verification and control to enforce its obligations, and that is recognized as such by the general assembly of the united nations.
South pacific nuclear free zone treaty and protocols. The governments of the french republic, the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, and the united states of america will sign on monday, march 25, 1996 the three additional protocols to the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty, which is also known as the treaty. The south pacific nuclear free zone treaty and protocols. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty united nations. Treaty on the southeast asia nuclearweaponfree zone. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty in ocean yearbook online. When hopes of a treaty are dashed at a south pacific forum meet, it is pointed out that. On august 6, 1985, eight leaders of the south pacific forum.
The establishment of nuclear weapon free zones nwfz is a regional approach to strengthen. Noting the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty the treaty have agreed as follows. The south pacific forum spf took up the issue in 1975 in response to a proposal by new zealand calling for the setting up of a nuclearweaponfree zone nwfz in the region. Multilateral agreement among the nations of the south pacific, which prohibits the testing, manufacture, and stationing of nuclear explosive devices, and the dumping of nuclear waste, within the zone. Protocol 1 to the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty united nations treaty. On 6 august 1985 the south pacific forum, a body comprising the independent and self governing countries of the south pacific australia, the cook islands, fiji, kiribati, nauru, new zealand, niue, papua new guinea, the solomon islands, tonga, tuvalu, vanuatu and western samoa, endorsed the text of the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty and opened it for signature. In contrast to the limited publication policy when the full text of an agreement may not be reproduced in the unts in its entirety, the objective of applying the partial publication method to a particular situation is to speed up the publishing effort by e. There is hereby established a commission for the southeast asia nuclear weapon free zone, hereinafter referred to as the commission. States cannot receive assistance or assist other states in endeavors to acquire or manufacture nuclear explosive devices.
Abstract you cant climb a ladder by starting at the top, david lange, then chair of the south pacific forum spf, told a press conference at the 1985 signing of the south pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty in the cook islands capital, rarotonga. South pacific nuclearfree zone spnfz treaty of rarotonga. If a member of the south pacific forum whose territory is outside the south pacific nuclear free zone becomes a party to this treaty, annex 1 shall be deemed to be amended so far as is re quired to enclose at least the territory of that par ty within the boundaries of the south pacific nu clear free zone. The south pacific nuclear free zone spnfz was established by the treaty of rarotonga, which prohibits the possession, acquisition, stationing, or testing of any nuclear explosive device. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty international. The treaty established the second nuclear weapon free zone in a populated region of the world the first such zone was established by the 1967 treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons. South pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty treaty of rarotonga. In 1979, in response to reports of nuclear dumping in the region, the spf strongly condemned the use of the pacific as a dumping ground for nuclear wastes. Establishment of a nuclearweaponfree zone in the middle. A nuclear free pacific niuklia fri pasifik film nz. Article 8 establishment of the commission for the southeast asia nuclear weapon free zone 1. All states parties are ipso facto members or the commission. Fiji and the cook islands deposited their instrument of ratification at the same occasion.
Those who signed were australia, cook islands, kiribati, fiji, new zealand, tuvalu, western samoa and niue. The treaty bans the use, testing, and possession of nuclear weapons within the borders of the zone. Message on african nuclear weapon free zone treaty pdf message on south pacific nuclear weapon free zone treaty pdf today the president submitted the protocols to the african nuclear weapon free zone treaty and the south pacific nuclear weapon free zone treaty to the u. The southeast asia nuclear weaponfree zone treaty amitav. Date received from president 05022011 text of treaty. If a member of the south pacific forum whose territory is outside the south pacific nuclear free zone becomes a party to this treaty, annex 1 shall be deemed to be amended so far as is required to enclose at least the territory of that party within the boundaries of the south pacific nuclear free zone. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty rarotonga treaty. Article 1 each party undertakes not to test any nuclear explosive device anywhere within the south pacific nuclear free zone. Protocols 1, 2, and 3 to the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty, signed on behalf of the united states at suva on march 25, 1996. Interviews with politicians, activists, radiation victims and american and french admirals are counterpointed. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty 1985 multilateral agreement among the nations of the south pacific, which prohibits the testing, manufacture, and stationing of nuclear explosive devices, and the dumping of nuclear waste, within the zone. The south pacific nuclear free zone treaty treaty of bangkok, 1995. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty rarotonga treaty iaea.
It was signed by the south pacific nations of australia, the cook islands, fiji, kiribati, nauru, new zealand, niue, papua new guinea, the solomon islands, tonga, tuvalu, vanuatu and western samoa on the island of rarotonga on 6 august 1985, c. Treaty inspection means an inspection by a treaty inspector, in. The south pacific the treaty of rarotonga springerlink. Prescott, existing and potential maritime claims in the southwest pacific, ocean yearbook 2, ed. Latin america, the south pacific and southeast asia, under regional treaties. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty 1985 summary. Introduction the southeast asia nuclear weapon free zone treaty hereafter called the bangkok. Protocol 3 to the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. The southeast asia nuclear weapon free zone treaty amitav acharya associate professor of political science and affiliate of the centre for international and security studies and the joint centre for asia pacific studies, york university, toronto i.
Both the united kingdom and the united states conducted atmospheric nuclear. South pacific nuclearweaponfree zone treaty treaty of. Within these nuclear weapon free zones, countries may use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. The bangkok treaty is a major initiative of asean in its search for a new regional order in. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty 1985 nuclear. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty with annexes. The treaty of rarotonga is the common name for the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty, which formalises a nuclear weapon free zone in the south pacific. Agreement on south pacific nuclear free zone foreign. Provisions the south pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty, known as the treaty of rarotonga, bans the manufacture, possession, stationing, and testing of any nuclear explosive device in treaty territories for which the parties are internationally responsible. Nuclearweaponfree zones nwfz at a glance arms control. The united kingdom conducted atmospheric tests between 19521957 on australian territory at maralinga, emu field, and monte bello island.
A nuclear free pacific niuklia fri pasifik this documentary travels to nine pacific nations, including new zealand, to chronicle the long struggle to create a regional nuclear arms free zone. The south pacific nuclearweaponfree zone foresees an iaea safeguards. For discussions of maritime claims and fisheries in the south pacific, see j. The african nuclear weapon free zone treaty, also known as the treaty of pelindaba named after south africas main nuclear research centre, run by the south african nuclear energy corporation and was the location where south africas atomic bombs of the 1970s were developed, constructed and subsequently stored, establishes a nuclear weapon free zone in africa.
By prohibiting all nuclear explosions, even those intended for peaceful purposes, the treaty of rarotongas restrictions exceed those of the treaty of. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty means the treaty of that title that was done at rarotonga and signed on behalf of australia on 6 august 1985, a copy of which is set out in the schedule, and, subject to subsection 2, includes that treaty as amended from time to time. Protocol 2 to the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. Treaty means the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. Article 2 each party may, by written notification to the depositary, indicate. Antinuclear campaigning and the south pacific nuclearfree. South pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty treaty. Michael hamelgreen, antinuclear campaigning and the south pacific nuclearfree zone rarotonga treaty, 196085, proceedings of the 14th biennial labour history conference, eds, phillip deery and julie kimber melbourne.
Establishment of a nuclearweaponfree zone in the middle east. Statement on nuclear free zones in asia and africa. The south pacific nuclearfree zone spnfz was established by the treaty of rarotonga, which prohibits the possession, acquisition, stationing, or testing of any nuclear explosive device. The south pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty, known as the treaty of rarotonga, bans the manufacture, possession, stationing, and testing of any nuclear explosive device in treaty territories for which the parties are internationally responsible. The south pacific nuclear weapons free zone treaty, or treaty of rarotonga, prohibits states from manufacturing or controlling nuclear explosive devices anywhere inside or outside the treaty zone. Therefore, passage of the nuclear free zone treaty with several loopholes in it helped in maintaining the australianus preponderance in the region and gave mr hawke a much awaited propaganda uplift. Significance and implications article pdf available in critical asian studies 182. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty, which is also known as the treaty of rarotonga, establishes a nuclear weapon free zone in the south pacific.
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